A Comprehensive Guide to Fine-Tune Open-Source LLMs Using Lamini

Introduction

Lately, with the rise of huge language fashions and AI, we’ve seen innumerable developments in pure language processing. Fashions in domains like textual content, code, and picture/video era have archived human-like reasoning and efficiency. These fashions carry out exceptionally nicely usually knowledge-based questions. Fashions like GPT-4o, Llama 2, Claude, and Gemini are skilled on publicly obtainable datasets. They fail to reply area or subject-specific questions which may be extra helpful for numerous organizational duties.

High quality-tuning helps builders and companies adapt and practice pre-trained fashions to a domain-specific dataset that archives excessive accuracy and coherency on domain-related queries. High quality-tuning enhances the mannequin’s efficiency with out requiring intensive computing assets as a result of pre-trained fashions have already discovered the final textual content from the huge public knowledge.

This weblog will study why we should fine-tune pre-trained fashions utilizing the Lamini platform. This enables us to fine-tune and consider fashions with out utilizing a lot computational assets.

So, let’s get began!

Studying Targets

•  To discover the necessity to High quality-Tune Open-Supply LLMs Utilizing Lamini
• To search out out the usage of Lamini and underneath directions on fine-tuned fashions
• To get a hands-on understanding of the end-to-end technique of fine-tuning fashions.

This text was revealed as part of the Information Science Blogathon.

Why Ought to One High quality-Tune Massive Language Fashions?

Pre-trained fashions are primarily skilled on huge normal knowledge with a excessive likelihood of lack of context or domain-specific information. Pre-trained fashions may also end in hallucinations and inaccurate and incoherent outputs. Hottest giant language fashions based mostly on chatbots like ChatGPT, Gemini, and BingChat have repeatedly proven that pre-trained fashions are liable to such inaccuracies. That is the place fine-tuning involves the rescue, which will help to adapt pre-trained LLMs to subject-specific duties and questions successfully. Different methods to align fashions to your aims embrace immediate engineering and few-shot immediate engineering.

Nonetheless, fine-tuning stays an outperformer on the subject of efficiency metrics. Strategies comparable to Parameter environment friendly fine-tuning and Low adaptive rating fine-tuning have additional improved the mannequin fine-tuning and helped builders generate higher fashions. Let’s have a look at how fine-tuning suits in a big language mannequin context.

# Load the fine-tuning dataset
filename = "lamini_docs.json"
instruction_dataset_df = pd.read_json(filename, strains=True)
instruction_dataset_df

# Load it right into a python's dictionary
examples = instruction_dataset_df.to_dict()

# put together a samples for a fine-tuning 
if "query" in examples and "reply" in examples:
  textual content = examples["question"][0] + examples["answer"][0]
elif "instruction" in examples and "response" in examples:
  textual content = examples["instruction"][0] + examples["response"][0]
elif "enter" in examples and "output" in examples:
  textual content = examples["input"][0] + examples["output"][0]
else:
  textual content = examples["text"][0]

# Utilizing a immediate template to create instruct tuned dataset for fine-tuning
prompt_template_qa = """### Query:
{query}

### Reply:
{reply}"""

The above code exhibits that instruction tuning makes use of a immediate template to arrange a dataset for instruction tuning and fine-tune a mannequin for a particular dataset. We are able to fine-tune the pre-trained mannequin to a particular use case utilizing such a customized dataset.

The subsequent part will study how Lamini will help fine-tune giant language fashions (LLMs) for customized datasets.

The best way to High quality-Tune Open-Supply LLMs Utilizing Lamini?

The Lamini platform permits customers to fine-tune and deploy fashions seamlessly with out a lot price and {hardware} setup necessities. Lamini offers an end-to-end stack to develop, practice, tune,e, and deploy fashions at consumer comfort and mannequin necessities. Lamini offers its personal hosted GPU computing community to coach fashions cost-effectively.

Lamini reminiscence tuning instruments and compute optimization assist practice and tune fashions with excessive accuracy whereas controlling prices. Fashions might be hosted anyplace, on a personal cloud or by means of Lamini’s GPU community. Subsequent, we’ll see a step-by-step information to arrange knowledge to fine-tune giant language fashions (LLMs) utilizing the Lamini platform.

Information Preparation

Usually, we have to choose a domain-specific dataset for knowledge cleansing, promotion, tokenization, and storage to arrange knowledge for any fine-tuning job. After loading the dataset, we preprocess it to transform it into an instruction-tuned dataset. We format every pattern from the dataset into an instruction, query, and reply format to higher fine-tune it for our use circumstances. Take a look at the supply of the dataset utilizing the hyperlink given right here. Let’s have a look at the code instance directions on tuning with tokenization for coaching utilizing the Lamini platform.

import pandas as pd

# load the dataset and retailer it as an instruction dataset
filename = "lamini_docs.json"
instruction_dataset_df = pd.read_json(filename, strains=True)
examples = instruction_dataset_df.to_dict()

if "query" in examples and "reply" in examples:
  textual content = examples["question"][0] + examples["answer"][0]
elif "instruction" in examples and "response" in examples:
  textual content = examples["instruction"][0] + examples["response"][0]
elif "enter" in examples and "output" in examples:
  textual content = examples["input"][0] + examples["output"][0]
else:
  textual content = examples["text"][0]

prompt_template = """### Query:
{query}

### Reply:"""

# Retailer fine-tuning examples as an instruction format
num_examples = len(examples["question"])
finetuning_dataset = []
for i in vary(num_examples):
  query = examples["question"][i]
  reply = examples["answer"][i]
  text_with_prompt_template = prompt_template.format(query=query)
  finetuning_dataset.append({"query": text_with_prompt_template, 
                             "reply": reply})

Within the above instance, we’ve formatted “questions” and “solutions” in a immediate template and saved them in a separate file for tokenization and padding earlier than coaching the LLM.

Tokenize the Dataset

# Tokenization of the dataset with padding and truncation
def tokenize_function(examples):
    if "query" in examples and "reply" in examples:
      textual content = examples["question"][0] + examples["answer"][0]
    elif "enter" in examples and "output" in examples:
      textual content = examples["input"][0] + examples["output"][0]
    else:
      textual content = examples["text"][0]
    
    # padding
    tokenizer.pad_token = tokenizer.eos_token
    tokenized_inputs = tokenizer(
        textual content,
        return_tensors="np",
        padding=True,
    )

    max_length = min(
        tokenized_inputs["input_ids"].form[1],
        2048
    )
    # truncation of the textual content
    tokenizer.truncation_side = "left"
    tokenized_inputs = tokenizer(
        textual content,
        return_tensors="np",
        truncation=True,
        max_length=max_length
    )

    return tokenized_inputs

The above code takes the dataset samples as enter for padding and truncation with tokenization to generate preprocessed tokenized dataset samples, which can be utilized for fine-tuning pre-trained fashions. Now that the dataset is prepared, we’ll look into the coaching and analysis of fashions utilizing the Lamini platform.

High quality-Tuning Course of

Now that we’ve a dataset ready in an instruction-tuning format, we’ll load the dataset into the setting and fine-tune the pre-trained LLM mannequin utilizing Lamini’s easy-to-use coaching methods.

Organising an Atmosphere

To start the fine-tuning open-source LLMs Utilizing Lamini, we should first be certain that our code setting has appropriate assets and libraries put in. We should guarantee you have got an acceptable machine with enough GPU assets and set up crucial libraries comparable to transformers, datasets, torches, and pandas. You need to securely load setting variables like api_url and api_key, sometimes from setting recordsdata. You should use packages like dotenv to load these variables. After getting ready the setting, load the dataset and fashions for coaching.

import os
from lamini import Lamini

lamini.api_url = os.getenv("POWERML__PRODUCTION__URL")
lamini.api_key = os.getenv("POWERML__PRODUCTION__KEY")

# import crucial library and cargo the setting recordsdata
import datasets
import tempfile
import logging
import random
import config
import os
import yaml
import time
import torch
import transformers
import pandas as pd
import jsonlines

# Loading transformer structure and [[
from utilities import *
from transformers import AutoTokenizer
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM
from transformers import TrainingArguments
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM
from llama import BasicModelRunner

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
global_config = None

Load Dataset

After setting up logging for monitoring and debugging, prepare your dataset using datasets or other data handling libraries like jsonlines and pandas. After loading the dataset, we will set up a tokenizer and model with training configurations for the training process.

# load the dataset from you local system or HF cloud
dataset_name = "lamini_docs.jsonl"
dataset_path = f"/content/{dataset_name}"
use_hf = False

# dataset path
dataset_path = "lamini/lamini_docs"

Set up model, training config, and tokenizer

Next, we select the model for fine-tuning open-source LLMs Using Lamini, “EleutherAI/pythia-70m,” and define its configuration under training_config, specifying the pre-trained model name and dataset path. We initialize the AutoTokenizer with the model’s tokenizer and set padding to the end-of-sequence token. Then, we tokenize the data and split it into training and testing datasets using a custom function, tokenize_and_split_data. Finally, we instantiate the base model using AutoModelForCausalLM, enabling it to perform causal language modeling tasks. Also, the below code sets up compute requirements for our model fine-tuning process.

# model name
model_name = "EleutherAI/pythia-70m"

# training config
training_config = {
    "model": {
        "pretrained_name": model_name,
        "max_length" : 2048
    },
    "datasets": {
        "use_hf": use_hf,
        "path": dataset_path
    },
    "verbose": True
}

# setting up auto tokenizer
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name)
tokenizer.pad_token = tokenizer.eos_token
train_dataset, test_dataset = tokenize_and_split_data(training_config, tokenizer)

# set up a baseline model from lamini
base_model = Lamini(model_name)

# gpu parallization
device_count = torch.cuda.device_count()
if device_count > 0:
    logger.debug("Select GPU device")
    device = torch.device("cuda")
else:
    logger.debug("Select CPU device")
    device = torch.device("cpu")

Setup Training to Fine-Tune, the Model

Finally, we set up training argument parameters with hyperparameters. It includes learning rate, epochs, batch size, output directory, eval steps, sav, warmup steps, evaluation and logging strategy, etc., to fine-tune the custom training dataset.

max_steps = 3

# trained model name
trained_model_name = f"lamini_docs_{max_steps}_steps"
output_dir = trained_model_name

training_args = TrainingArguments(
  # Learning rate
  learning_rate=1.0e-5,
  # Number of training epochs
  num_train_epochs=1,

  # Max steps to train for (each step is a batch of data)
  # Overrides num_train_epochs, if not -1
  max_steps=max_steps,

  # Batch size for training
  per_device_train_batch_size=1,

  # Directory to save model checkpoints
  output_dir=output_dir,

  # Other arguments
  overwrite_output_dir=False, # Overwrite the content of the output directory
  disable_tqdm=False, # Disable progress bars
  eval_steps=120, # Number of update steps between two evaluations
  save_steps=120, # After # steps model is saved
  warmup_steps=1, # Number of warmup steps for learning rate scheduler
  per_device_eval_batch_size=1, # Batch size for evaluation
  evaluation_strategy="steps",
  logging_strategy="steps",
  logging_steps=1,
  optim="adafactor",
  gradient_accumulation_steps = 4,
  gradient_checkpointing=False,

  # Parameters for early stopping
  load_best_model_at_end=True,
  save_total_limit=1,
  metric_for_best_model="eval_loss",
  greater_is_better=False
)

After setting the training arguments, the system calculates the model’s floating-point operations per second (FLOPs) based on the input size and gradient accumulation steps. Thus giving insight into the computational load. It also assesses memory usage, estimating the model’s footprint in gigabytes. Once these calculations are complete, a Trainer initializes the base model, FLOPs, total training steps, and the prepared datasets for training and evaluation. This setup optimizes the training process and enables resource utilization monitoring, critical for efficiently handling large-scale model fine-tuning. At the end of training, the fine-tuned model is ready for deployment on the cloud to serve users as an API.

# model parameters
model_flops = (
  base_model.floating_point_ops(
    {
       "input_ids": torch.zeros(
           (1, training_config["model"]["max_length"])
      )
    }
  )
  * training_args.gradient_accumulation_steps
)

print(base_model)
print("Reminiscence footprint", base_model.get_memory_footprint() / 1e9, "GB")
print("Flops", model_flops / 1e9, "GFLOPs")

# Arrange a coach
coach = Coach(
    mannequin=base_model,
    model_flops=model_flops,
    total_steps=max_steps,
    args=training_args,
    train_dataset=train_dataset,
    eval_dataset=test_dataset,
)

Conclusion

In conclusion, this text offers an in-depth information to understanding the necessity to fine-tune LLMs utilizing the Lamini platform. It offers a complete overview of why we should fine-tune the mannequin for customized datasets and enterprise use circumstances and the advantages of utilizing Lamini instruments. We additionally noticed a step-by-step information to fine-tuning the mannequin utilizing a customized dataset and LLM with instruments from Lamini. Let’s summarise important takeaways from the weblog.

Key takeaways

1. Studying is required for fine-tuning fashions in opposition to immediate engineering and retrieval augmented era strategies.
2. UUtilizationof platforms like Lamini for easy-to-use {hardware} setup and deployment methods for fine-tuned fashions to serve the consumer necessities
3. We’re getting ready knowledge for the fine-tuning job and organising a pipeline to coach a base mannequin utilizing a variety of hyperparameters.

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